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Öğe Development of the educational leadership scale for nursing students: a methodological study(BMC, CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND, 2023) Karaman, Funda; Kavgaoğlu, Derya; Yıldırım, Gülay; Rashidi, Mahruk; Ünsal Jafarov, Gülşah; Zahoor, Hina; Kıskaç, NeşeBackground Educational leadership is one of the most demanding skills for healthcare staff to enhance the quality of health care. There is a need for a scale to evaluate the educational leadership levels of nurses. The objective of this study was to develop and examine the validity and reliability of the Education Leadership Scale for Nursing Students. Methods Data were collected from 280 Turkish nursing students. The validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation. The scale was developed in five stages (reviewing the literature, developing items, sending scale items to the experts for content validity index, piloting test with students, performing the validity and reliability analysis of the tool). Results The Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students consisted of 19 items and a three factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that there was a sufficient model fit. Construct validity was verified, and Cronbach’s ? level of all factors was found to be greater than 0.70. Conclusions The currently developed scale can measure the educational leadership characteristics of nursing students.Öğe The Effect on Histo-morphology of Lungs in Fluconazole and Vitamin E Treated Sprague Dawley Albino Rats with Septic Shock(2020) Mustafa, Nasir; Zahoor, Hina; Shamim, KanzaFluconazole is a subclass of triazole antifungal agents, is available as oral tablets, powder or for oral suspension, and as a sterile solution for intravenous administration. Fluconazole is designated chemically as 2,4-difluoro-?,?1 -bis benzyl alcohol in the form of white crystalline solid which is slightly soluble in water and saline. Fluconazole oral suspension contains 350 mg or 1400 mg contains sucrose, citric acid anhydrous, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, colloidal, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, xanthan gum, and natural orange flavor. After reconstitution with 24 ml of distilled water or purified water each ml of reconstituted suspension contains 10 mg or 40 mg of fluconazole. Animals are divided into 4 groups. The rats of group A were taken as control group. In group B rats are kept nil per orally at 12 hours prior to induction of septic shock produce by Candida albicans s. Group C animals are administrated with fluconazole at doses of 3mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 30mg/kg after the septic shock produce by Candida albicans s. Since fluconazole at a higher dose had clearly shown to decrease tissue injury. We decided to keep fluconazole dose as constant and vitamin E would be administered in dose of 10mg/100gm of body weight in group D. Both the drugs are administrated after inducing septic shock. After the study, animals sacrificed and lungs obtained within 8 hours of septic shock. Lungs are taken out from sacrificed animals and then fixed with paraffin and then sectioned and stained by eosin and haemotoxylin. With the help of cardiac puncture blood samples were taken to estimate the infectious markers. Study of CBC and CRP was done. The levels were estimated and compared with control and correlated with histologic findings. The lung histology is determined by mucosal thickening and inflammatory cells. All these results were in favor of group D fluconazole along with vitamin E that shows significant results in all parameters. There was significant corre- lation between control and fluconazole along with vitamin E treated group because vitamin E reduces the histopathological changes in lungs parenchyma. It is concluded from the study that vitamin E when treated with combination of fluconazole it decreases the lung tissue injury and oxidative stress.Öğe Human Resource Practices as an Amplifier for Managerial Emotional Intelligence to Boost Employee Performance(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2021) Zahoor, Hina; Mustafa, NasirAim: Human Resource (HR) practices improve managerial emotional intelligence (EI) and have a great impact on the efficiency and performance of an organization which is the outcome of employee performance, innovation and employee relation. The objective of the present study is to seek out the association between HR practices i.e. Selection & promotion and Training with EI and also to find out the effects of managerial EI on Employee performance. Method: A convenient sampling technique is used in the study and three Hypotheses are formulated and tested with different statistical tools. The instrument used to conduct quantitative research is a questionnaire in the study which was filled by HR managers of secondary health care units. The collected data was then analyzed by using relevant descriptive statistics, mean, correlations and simple linear regressions, using IBM SPSS21 and ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Results: Results demonstrate the positive relationship between Selection & Promotion with managerial employee intelligence, training & development with managerial employee intelligence and managerial employee intelligence with employee performance. Conclusion: The present study result shows that Human resource practices i.e. Selection & Promotion and training & development have a positive relation with managerial emotional intelligence which directly impacts employees’ performance so it is conducive for secondary health care units firstly to invest more money in training sessions.Öğe Mental Well-being and Loneliness Among Residents of Karachi During the Second Lockdown of COVID-19(2021) Mustafa, Nasir; Zahoor, HinaBackground: Covid-19 emerged as a global pandemic and its catastrophic effects have been felt throughout the world. The pandemic has caused a serious impact on mental health and loneliness of the people. The aim of the present research was to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 on the psychological health of residents of Karachi during the second lockdown. Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted during the second wave of corona virus via an online survey, in which 380 persons participated. The survey consists of questions for the assessment of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress by using DAAS-21 scale and for the questions related to loneliness, the UCLA-3 Item Loneliness Scale was used. Participants were selected by convenient and snow ball sampling method. Results: The results revealed that the psychological health was affected by the lockdown. It is also highlighted that women experienced more stress, anxiety, and depression than men and there is also significant difference between men and women in terms of loneliness. Conclusion: During the second lock down in Karachi the residents suffered from moderate level of depression, severe level of stress and mild level of anxiety. It is also evident that men have experienced less psychological impact of COVID 19 pandemic and with low level of loneliness than women. The outbreak of this pandemic indicates the need to pay greater attention to this issue to prevent and reduce the psychological outcomes of the pandemic.Öğe Pandemic SARS Coronavirus-2 Infections in Humans-COVID-19(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2020) Mustafa, Nasir; Zahoor, Hina; Majoo, Fuzail MohammedThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Wuhan (China) and subsequently spread worldwide. Coronaviruses (CoVs) primarily cause zoonotic infections in birds and mammals however, in the last few decades have shown to be capable of infecting humans as well. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and more recently, Middle-East respiratory syndrome, (MERS) has demonstrated the lethality of CoVs when they cross the species barrier and infect humans. Coronavirus (CoV) is a large family of viruses that cause afflictions ranging from the common cold to more severe pathologies such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has now been identified in humans. The recognition of a new coronavirus identified in December 2019, named CoVID-19 are common for coronavirus researchers. Detailed investigations found that SARS Coronavirus-2 was initially transmitted from civets to humans and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans. Advances in biology have resulted in a greater understanding of coronavirus, including them to adapt to new environments, trans-species infection and the emergence of new subtypes. New tools of cell and molecular biology have led to an increased understanding of intracellular replication and viral cell biology. Along with the advent of reverse genetic approaches in the past five years; it is now possible to begin to define the determinants of viral replication, trans-species adaptation, and human disease. The most progress has been made on SARS-CoV 2, highlighting specific structural requirements for its functions in the CoV life cycle as well as mechanisms behind its pathogenesis. In this review, we will provide a through insight to the life cycle of CoV, its genetics, replication process and reverse genetic applications to SCoV along with advances in its research. This review aims to establish the current knowledge on CoV-2 by highlighting the recent progress that has been made and comparing it to previous knowledge. We also conclude with a brief discussion on practices to decrease risk factors for transmission and treatment options.Öğe Substantial Role of Big Data in Global Outbreak: From Tracking and Diagnosing Virus to Vaccine Discovery(İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2022) Zahoor, Hina; Mustafa, NasirThe recent pandemic is ramification of coronavirus SARS-CoV2. This outbreak has greatly affected every domain of individuals’ lives. It has spread over 214 countries and over 392 million positive cases were reported till February 6, 2022. Due to the latest breakthroughs in the sphere of digital divide, Big Data can aid in dealing with the enormous data of COVID-19 derived from state health surveillance, health monitoring, and daily briefing of government bodies. “Big data” is huge amounts of facts that work wonderfully. It has become a subject of particular interest for the last 2 decades due to its unseen significant potential in it. The purpose of the current review is to overview the potential applications of Big Data. Furthermore, issues and challenges associated with the solutions to the pandemic situations were highlighted and last, recommendations were provided for effective control of the pandemic situation. This review is an effort to provide a fresh insight into the way of big data in terms to stop the pandemic outbreak.Öğe Transcranial Doppler Sonography for Detecting Stenosis or Occlusion of Intracranial Arteries in People with Acute Ischemic Stroke in Neurocritical Care Unit(2020) Mustafa, Nasir; Zahoor, Hina; Shamim, KanzaA Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is an inexpensive noninvasive ultrasonography technique that helps provide a rapid real time measure of blood flow from the basal intracerebral vessels, which may be used for the diagnosis and follow-up of cerebrovascular disease. By placing the ultrasound probe on the scalp; it utilizes low frequency soundwaves to record cerebral blood flow velocity, and its change in multiple conditions. Technology offers several diagnostic tests available in the evaluation and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). Transcranial ultrasonography may represent a valuable tool for patients with CVD in neurocritical care unit. However due to geographic, financial or patient tolerance of procedures, physicians may be limited to the tools they can utilize.Öğe Transformational Attributes, Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Benefits of Training are The Core Ingredients of Managerial Organizational Commitment(Abdullah Kuzu, 2023) Zahoor, Hina; Çengel, Özgür; Yozgat, UğurOne of the main issue to extensive concept analysis from the perspective of healthcare sector is the domain’s rapid-changing panorama. The concept of transformational leadership in terms of health managers is a new insight that has been highlighted in the study. In this current study, a sample of 261 individuals employed in managerial roles within the hospitals was included. Results show that there is a positive correlation between the sub variables of transformational leadership with organizational commitment and its dimensions. The results also indicate that the emotional Intelligence have a significant moderator effect on the association between the dimensions of transformational leadership and organizational commitment in the context of Pakistani health sector. Moreover, the results also indicate that the study also found that perceived benefits of training has a significant mediating role in the relationship between the dimensions of transformational leadership and organizational commitment. This shows that the training programs may produce more positive results when health managers understand the training benefits, which is likely to boost their commitment to the hospitals. Hence, it is suggested that hospitals should arrange training sessions timely to improve transformational leadership competencies of health managers. The research is the effective contribution to the contemporary literature on the role of transformational leadership in healthcare from the developing country prospect.
