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Öğe Analysis of Electrical Power Losses in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: A Study of Technical and Non-Technical Losses(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Mezban, Ali; Yahya, Khalid; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Amer, Ayman; Hafez, Mohamed; Yahya, Adel E. M.This paper focuses on reducing technical and non-technical losses in low-voltage distribution networks. The study is conducted in two stages, where the capacity of each power transformer is determined, and the technical and non-technical losses within the network are assessed. The paper aims to identify the types and causes of these losses and proposes methods to determine technical losses in distribution networks accurately. The findings can be used to locate theft within the network using smart meter readings and voltage drop measurements at each load point. This study provides insights into improving the overall efficiency of distribution systems. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Analyzing the Impact of Temperature Variations on the Performance of Thermoelectric Generators(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Yahya, Adel E. M.; Sarreb, Rebha Daw; Yahya, Khalid; Attar, Hani; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Hafez, MohamedRecent advancements in renewable energy technologies have brought Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) to the forefront, primarily due to their ability to efficiently convert waste thermal energy into electrical power across multiple power levels. This study delves into the environmental benefits and operational efficiencies of TEGs, highlighting their zero-emission, silent operation, and low maintenance requirements. A significant portion of this research is dedicated to exploring the influence of temperature differential (?T) on the efficacy of TEGs, as temperature is a crucial factor in the energy conversion process. The electrical representation of TEGs is modeled as a voltage source in series with an internal resistance, while its thermal aspect comprises parallel-connected p- and n-type thermocouples. The study aims to meticulously analyze the behavior of TEG models under various thermal gradients and to scrutinize their electrical characteristics under different load conditions. This is achieved through comprehensive experimental methodologies, with the findings underscoring the impact of temperature variations on both hot and cold sides of TEGs on all electrical parameters. It is observed that an increase in the temperature difference results in a corresponding rise in both the maximum power output and the open-circuit voltage. In essence, the efficiency of TEGs is noted to improve with a higher and more stable temperature differential. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Bit Error Rate Performance of MIMO-NOMA with Majority Based TAS/MRC Scheme in Nakagami-m Fading Channels(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Kumson, Princewill Kum; Russ, Rusul Al-Afah; Aldababsa, MahmoudThe inability of conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques to guarantee a low latency rate, high spectral efficiency, massive device connectivity, and a better quality of service (QoS) led to the introduction of the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies can increase the capacity and decrease the error rate of wireless systems. Due to the advantages mentioned earlier, integrating NOMA and MIMO is indispensable in future wireless communication systems. In this context, this paper considers MIMO-NOMA networks, in which all nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. In the considered network, the majority-based transmit antenna selection and maximal ratio combining schemes are employed at the base station and users, respectively. Then, the bit error rate performance is investigated over Nakagami-m fading channels by Monte Carlo simulations. © 2022 IEEE.Öğe Development of an Ultra-Sensitive Magnetic-Based Biosensor; a Simulation Study(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Yahya, Khalid; Husseini, Abbas Ali; Dirican, Onur; Attar, Hani; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Hafez, MohamedThis study presents an advanced magnetic biosensor design incorporating an L-shaped ferromagnetic core with UL dimensions and an air gap replaced by highly porous aluminum or copper foam later-filled biological samples containing high-permeability ferromagnetic nanoparticles. The sensor detects specific biological molecules through magnetic field interactions. The system's electrical parameters were methodically optimized for enhanced performance. The research investigated the impact of various materials on the air gap's magnetic properties and assessed the relationships between permeability, output-induced voltage, input voltage, and input frequency. Findings indicate that using materials with higher magnetic permeability, such as Magnetite (Fe304) or Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) ferrofluids, considerably improved the biosensor's performance by optimizing magnetic coupling between primary and secondary windings. This innovative magnetic biosensor holds potential for diverse applications, including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. The study offers valuable insights into magnetic biosensor design and optimization, facilitating heightened sensitivity and selectivity in detecting target molecules. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Enhancing UAV communication links with Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(Elsevier Gmbh, 2023) Salih, Nameer Mufeed; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Yahya, KhalidReconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a prominent and widely debated solution to enhance the energy efficiency of wireless communications. This article explores the potential of combining RIS with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-RIS, to provide on-demand deployment services in dynamic environments. However, the energy limitations of battery-powered UAVs can curtail the advantages of UAV-RIS systems. To address this challenge and enhance the durability of UAV-RIS deployments, we introduce an energy harvesting technique for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) coupled with optimized resource allocation and energy harvesting from incoming radio frequency (RF) signals. In contrast to previous research, our approach involves the division of passive reflected arrays across geometric space, facilitating simultaneous information transfer and energy harvesting. Additionally, we are developing deep Q-network (DQN) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) techniques to dynamically allocate UAV-RIS resources in both temporal and spatial dimensions. This allocation maximizes the overall harvested energy while upholding communication quality for every user. Our simulation results conclusively demonstrate the substantial superiority of the pro-posed UAV-RIS SWIPT system over the benchmark.Öğe Optimizing PV System Placement in Kirkuk City Power System Using PSO Algorithm(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Ali, Isam Taha; Yahya, Adel E. M.; Amer, Ayman; Sarreb, Rebha Daw; Yahya, Khalid; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Hafez, MohamedPhotovoltaics (PV) are a rapidly growing source of energy worldwide and are typically installed as distributed generation in distribution systems. PV technology has emerged as a promising solution for increasing power demand and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Placing PV systems in distribution systems is crucial for overall performance, but it is a complex task with multiple constraints and objectives. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic optimization technique based on bird flocking behavior that has proven to be a valuable tool for solving optimization problems. The PSO algorithm can find the optimal location, size, and orientation of PV panels in a distribution system, considering power losses, voltage stability, and system capacity. This work analyzes the Kirkuk City Power System (IEEE-5 BusBar) to find the optimal location and size for PV systems, improve voltage levels, and reduce losses. The PSO algorithm compares the power system before and after connecting the PV system. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Optimum-Location of PV in Distribution System using NR Method with Matlab-ETap Program(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Ali, Isam Taha; Yahya, Khalid; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Amer, Ayman; Hafez, Mohamed; Sarreb, Rebha DawThis paper presents a method for optimizing photovoltaic (PV) system placement in distribution systems using the Newton-Raphson (NR) method with MATLAB code and E-Tap program load flow analysis. The proposed approach utilizes MATLAB code to calculate the optimal location and size of PV systems for maximum Voltage Level and minimum power losses. E-Tap program load flow analysis is used to simulate the distribution system and to validate the results obtained from the MATLAB code. The study provides a detailed explanation of the methodology used for the optimization and validation process. The Newton-Raphson method begins with an initial estimate of the root, denoted x0?xr, and uses the tangent of f(x) at x0 to improve on the estimate of the root. The expected outcomes include reduced power losses and improved Voltage Levels. The paper concludes with simulation results and a discussion of the potential benefits of the proposed approach. Also, we are working on analyses of the Kirkuk Power System (IEEE-5 Bus Bar). Find the Optimum Location and Size for the PV system in Kirkuk Power System (IEEE-5 BB). We use a PV system to improve the Voltage Level and reduce Losses in the Kirkuk Power System (IEEE-5 BB). Compare the power system before and after connecting the PV system using E-TAP and MATLAB software. © 2023 IEEE.Öğe Outage performance analysis of antenna selection schemes in UAV-assisted networks(Elsevier Gmbh, 2024) Al-Qarahghli, Ibrahim; Yahya, Khalid; Aldababsa, MahmoudIn this paper, we investigate the performance of various antenna selection (AS) techniques in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted relay communication system, wherein a UAV is deployed as a flying relay to establish and sustain a communication link between source and destination nodes. The AS schemes under study encompass transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC), joint transmit and receive antenna selection (JTRAS), and maximum ratio transmission/receive antenna selection (MRT/RAS). We present a unified outage probability (OP) performance analysis of AS techniques in UAV relay networks. We initially derive a closed -form expression for the OP under Nakagami- m fading channels. Subsequently, an asymptotic expression elucidating the array and diversity gain is derived to offer deeper insights into the performance of the studied system. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical results.Öğe Performance analysis of majority-based transmit antenna selection and maximal ratio combining in MIMO-NOMA networks(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Kumson, Princewill Kum; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Yahya, Khalid; Obaid, Mahmoud; Mwais, Allam AbuNon-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is paramount in modern wireless communication systems since it enables efficient multiple access schemes, allowing multiple users to share the same spectrum resources and thus improving overall network capacity. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is crucial in wireless communication as it leverages multiple antennas to enhance data throughput, increase link reliability, and mitigate signal interference, resulting in improved communication performance. The combination of MIMO and NOMA represents a transformative synergy that harnesses the benefits of both technologies, facilitating efficient spectrum utilization, higher data rates, and improved reliability in wireless networks. This makes it particularly valuable in the fifth-generation (5G) era and beyond. This paper investigates the performance of majority-based transmit antenna selection and maximal ratio combining (TAS-maj/MRC) in MIMO-NOMA networks. We derive a closed-form expression for the exact bit error rate (BER) for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation in Nakagami-m fading channels. Moreover, asymptotic expressions are obtained in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region to get further insight into the BER behavior of the system. Finally, we verify the analytical results' accuracy through simulations. The results demonstrate that diversity and code gains are achieved. In addition, the BER performance is significantly improved as the number of receive antennas increases or channel condition enhances.Öğe Retraction notice to “Enhancing UAV communication links with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces”(Elsevier GmbH, 2024) Mufeed Salih, Nameer; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Yahya, KhalidThis article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors. The authors have plagiarized part of a paper that had already appeared in Wireless Netw 27, 2991–3006 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02632-z. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. © 2024 Elsevier GmbHÖğe A Review on Deformable Voronoi Diagrams for Robot Path Planning in Dynamic Environments(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Samuel, Moveh; Yahya, Khalid; Aldababsa, Mahmoud; Amer, Ayman; Dofan, Jamal Ali Ramada; Merchan-Cruz, Emmanuel Alejandro; Hafez, MohamedRoute planning for mobile robots presents a complex challenge, mainly when designing pathways in dynamic environments. This complexity arises from the robot's need to balance the demand for efficient and optimal routes while also handling unexpected obstacles. This paper introduces an algorithm that combines two key concepts: the Voronoi Diagram, utilized for environment representation, and Deformation Retracts, integrated into the system to enable the path planner to adapt to moving obstacles by deforming the Voronoi Diagram. The combination of the previously described notions, Voronoi Diagrams, and Deformation Retracts from related areas (Computational geometry and Algebraic topology) has not yet been studied in robotics applications. The idea is supposed first to compute a Generalised Voronoi Diagram (GVD) and construct a pre-planned robot route, after which the Deformation retract might be applied to the open space of the Voronoi Diagram formed after an interference due to a moving object. The map will be distorted, and the starting route will be modified to a different path if one exists. This approach has a promising future since the dimension of the map has been reduced to one that depicts the retracting free space in the surroundings. As a result, the new method is relevant to robot navigation in complicated settings, as well as other disciplines such as game theory, virtual reality, and computational geometry, to name a few. © 2023 IEEE.
