Examining the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Psychological Resilience Levels in Individuals Participating in Summer Sports Schools

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-esteem and psychological resilience levels in individuals participating in summer sports schools. The notion of psychological resilience is derived from the Latin root "resilire" (Masten, 2002), which signifies the quality of being flexible and elastic (Hunter & Chandler, 1999). Psychological resilience is a characteristic that can vary depending on the general structure including personal characteristics, age, gender, place, time and culture as well as the different situations they are in (Gürgan, 2006). Psychological resilience is defined as the ability to cope with stress and manage oneself by regulating the effects of stress (Luthar &Cichetti, 2000). A review of these definitions reveals that psychological resilience cannot be interpreted within a single definition. However a synthesis of these definitions reveals some commonalities. The impact of psychological resilience is influenced by a variety of factors. including individual, familial and environmental elements. The concept of self as understood within the framework of psychological resilience, has emerged as a subject of discussion. The basis of self-esteem, therefore, is established on the existence of the respect and personal value that the individual has for himself. The self as defined here is the image that an individual creates about themselves and their environment following their entry into the world. From another perspective it is related to how we design ourselves. how we feel ourselves and what kind of thoughts we have. In light of the aforementioned concepts, the objective of this research is to examine the relationship between self-esteem and psychological resilience levels in individuals enrolled in summer sports schools. In this context the following research questions will be addressed: Is there a relationship between self-esteem and psychological resilience levels in individuals attending summer sports schools? Does self-esteem have a significant effect on psychological resilience? The research universe for this study is Istanbul province. The sample group of the research is composed of 493 volunteer women (238) and men (255) who do athletics, judo, gymnastics and taekwondo sports in summer sports schools in Bakırköy district. The collection of data was carried out through the administration of a personal information form which was utilized to ascertain the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. The psychological resilience of the participants was assessed using the "Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale." while their self-esteem was evaluated through the implementation of the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale." The collected data were then subjected to analysis using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 29.0. Following the transfer of the data to the computer environment and their organization with the Microsoft Excel package program. the conformity of the numerical data to the normal distribution was examined using Skewness (skewness) and Kurtosis (kurtosis) tests. Histogram and Q-Q Plot graphics. The analyses yielded the conclusion that the data originated from a normal distribution. The categorization of data is manifested through the presentation of frequency and percentage values while numerical data is represented by mean and standard deviation values due to the assumption of normality. The statistical tests employed for the analysis included the Independent Sample T-test. utilized for the comparison of two independent groups and the One-Way ANOVA test. which was implemented in cases involving more than two independent groups. The Pearson Correlation Test was utilized to examine the relationship between variables. while a regression test was employed to ascertain the effect. The statistical significance level was established at (p< 0.05) for all tests. Given the normal distribution of the data sets. frequency and mean values were utilized. Multiple comparisons between different variables were made using independent groups t-test. one-way variance analysis. and Tamhane test. Correlation for relationship and regression analysis for effect were also used. The necessary permissions for this research were passed by the ethics committee with the decision of the "Siirt University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee" dated 12/11/2024 and numbered 2024-7946. The study's findings based on an examination of the adolescent psychological resilience scale and its sub-dimensions in relation to gender, sports branch, mother's education status and father's education status. revealed a statistically significant difference between empathy and gender. Specifically the mean score of men in the empathy sub-dimension was found to be significantly higher than that of women. A statistically significant association was identified between family support and sports branch in the sub-dimensions of the psychological resilience scale. However no significant association was observed in the self-esteem scale. The mean score of individuals practicing judo in the family support sub-dimension was found to be significantly lower than that of individuals engaged in gymnastics. A statistically significant relationship was identified between branch of sport and adaptation. The mean score of individuals engaging in gymnastics from the adaptation sub-dimension was found to be significantly lower than that of individuals participating in athletics. A similar study by Reddy and Berhanu (2016) found that individuals interested in football. volleyball. and basketball branches differed significantly according to their branches of sports. Another study by Solomon (2015) concluded that there was a significant difference between the branch of sports and psychological resilience. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrate that there are both negative and positive relationships between psychological resilience and self-esteem and that adolescent psychological resilience has a significant negative impact on self-esteem (p< 0.05). The results of the study indicate that as psychological resilience increases so does an individual's confidence in their own resources and a parallel increase in selfesteem is observed. It is imperative for individuals enrolled in summer sports programs to acknowledge the interplay between psychological resilience and self-esteem. The existing body of research indicates a positive correlation between these two factor suggesting that an increase in one is often accompanied by an increase in the other. Consequently it is proposed that interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem can concomitantly boost psychological resilience in individuals enrolled in sports schools. thereby facilitating the development of their self-esteem. It is imperative for the organization of summer sports schools to incorporate activities that foster the social and psychological development of individuals. The selection of sports branches should be made in accordance with the interests and abilities of individuals. It is imperative for families and trainers to be cognizant of the self-esteem levels of the individuals involved.

Bu araştırmada; Yaz spor okullarına katılan bireylerde benlik saygısı ve psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini İstanbul ili Araştırmanın örneklem grubu ise; Bakırköy ilçesinde yaz spor okulların da Atletizm, Judo, Jimnastik ve Taekwondo sporu yapan gönüllü kadın (238) ve erkek (255) toplam 493 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler elde edilirken bireylere sosyo-demografik bilgilerini belirlemek için kişisel bilgi formu kullanılırken psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının belirlenmesinde “Ergen Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği”, benlik saygısının belirlenmesi için “Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği”nden yararlanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 29.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Veri setleri normal dağılım gösterdiği için Frekans ve ortalama değerlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Bağımsız olan gruplar t-testi farklı değişkenler arasında çoklu karşılaştırmalar için tek yönlü varyans analizi ile tamhane testi ve ilişki için korelasyon analizi etki için de rekreasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak yapılan analizler sonucu elde edilen bulgulara göre; bireylerin psikolojik dayanıklılık ve benlik saygısı arasında negatif ve pozitif yönlü ilişkilerin olduğu ve ergen psikolojik dayanıklığın benlik saygısını pozitif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilemekte olduğu saptanmıştır (p< 0.05).