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Öğe Comparing the hand grip power and creatine kinase levels of U-17 judo national team athletes before and after a 6-week strength training(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2020) Çelik, Nuri Muhammet; Soyal, MehmetPurpose: The aim of this study is to compare the hand grip power and creatine kinase levels of male and female U-17 National Team Athletes before and after a 6-week strength training. Material: 15 female and 15 male U-17 athletes, who previously participated in international competitions, participated in our study. Besides the hand grip power and creatine kinase values, age, height, weight, and BMI (body mass index) values of the athletes were measured before and after the training. As the conclusion of the measurements, the mean age of the female participant athletes was determined as 14,93 years, their mean height was 158,3 cm, and the mean age of the male athletes was 15,73 years, while their mean height was 173,1 cm. Results: As the conclusion of the measurements, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the right hand grip power and left hand grip power parameters of male and female participant athletes measured before and after the 6-week training. Moreover, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements of creatine kinase values of both male and female athletes (p> 0,05). Conclusions: As the conclusion, it was determined that the 6-week strength trainings applied to U-17 Judo National Team athletes caused significant changes in their hand grip power and creatine kinase values. The significant results obtained from our study are considered to be originated from the duration, scope, frequency, severity, and content of the training.Öğe The correlation between some physiological and motor parameters in elite football players according to playing positions(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2024) Aksoy, Ömer; Soyal, Mehmet; Caba, Uğur; Başkan, Ali Nadir; Karadağ, Ayşe DemetObjective of the Study: Due to the different tasks of football players playing in different positions during the competition, their workload and energy needs also change and accordingly the necessity of special training planning arises. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the correlation between sprint, counter movement jump, agility and endurance parameters of elite football players according to their playing positions. Method: The research model was determined as a correlational survey model from survey models. A total of 65 volunteer male footballers competing at U14 elite level in Turkish leagues participated in the study. The body weight (kg) values of the participants were measured using an electronic weighing machine (Tanita TBF 401 A, Japan) with an accuracy of ± 100 g, and their height (cm) was measured using a digital height measuring device with an accuracy of 0.01 cm. The counter movement jump parameter of the footballers was measured by Smartjump Vertical Jump Testing, their agility parameter was measured by Pro-Agility test protocol, their sprint parameter was measured by Smart Speed and Fusion Sport photocell, and their endurance parameter was measured by Yo-Yo IR1 tests. SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the data. The Pearson’s Correlation Analysis method was applied to determine the correlation between the performance parameters of the football players in terms of the positions. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that there was a high positive correlation (r=.784, p=0.037) between the agility parameter and 0-30 m sprint parameter and a high positive correlation (r=.782, p=0.038) between the 20-30 m sprint and 0-30 m sprint parameters of the goalkeepers. While a weak negative correlation (r=-.459, p=0.032) was found between the counter movement jump parameter and sprint parameter in defensive players, a moderate negative correlation was found (r=-.531, p=0.023) between these parameters in midfield players, and a moderate negative correlation was found (r=-.521, p=0.027) between these parameters in forward players. A positive moderate correlation was found between agility and 10-20 m (r=.530, p=0.024) and 0-30 m sprint parameters (r=.510, p=0.030), while a negative moderate correlation was found between 0-10 m sprint and 10-20 m sprint parameters (r=-.523, p=0.026). Moreover, there was a moderate positive correlation between 10-20 m sprint and 0-30 m sprint parameters (r=.533, p=0.023) and between 20-30 m sprint and 0-30 m sprint parameters (r=.580, p=0.012). Conclusion: Considering the positions and performance outputs of the football players in the field, it can be asserted that the intensity of the actions performed by the football players in the competition was mainly anaerobic, and success was based on especially the motoric characteristics in which the phosphagen system was active. © 2024, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of athletic performance training on selected parameters of elite football players in the preparation period(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2024) Aksoy, Ömer; Soyal, Mehmet; Kandemir, Gökhan; Gökmen, Ünal CanAim: The aim of the study is to determine whether or not a six-week athletic performance training applied to elite level football players during the preseason period has an effect on strength, endurance, flexibility, vertical jump, and balance parameters. Method: The study was conducted using the one-group pretest-posttest weak experimental design, which is one of the quantitative research approaches. The sample group consisted of a total of 27 volunteer professional male football players competing at the Spor Toto Super League level of the Turkish Football Federation. Pretests were applied to the football players in the study before the preparation period and posttests were taken after the 6-week training program was applied. Before the test, football players were randomly divided into groups via minimization according to their pre-existing maximal aerobic speed (MAS). The other tests (strength, balance, flexibility, and vertical jump) were taken 48 hours after this test was administered. SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. With the normal distribution of the data, paired samples t-test analysis was performed to determine the test results of the same sample group in the pretest and posttest. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest values of the balance anterior right and balance anterior left parameters of the football players in the study (p<0.05), while no statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest values of the other parameters (p>0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference between the football players’ pretest and posttest values of the endurance parameters MAS 400 m HR, MAS 600 m HR, and MAS 1000 m (sec.) (p<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest values of the other parameters (p>0.05). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest values of the strength parameters hip thrust AD/AB left, hip thrust AD/AB right, hip tightening AD/AB left, right, hip tightening AD/AB right, vertical jump (cm) and flexibility of the football players (p<0,05), while no statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest values of the other parameters (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be asserted that the athletic performance training applied to the football players during the preparation period contributed positively to their performance parameters such as balance, strength, endurance, jumping, and flexibility. However, in the current study, no statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttests of some parameters. Thus, it is thought that it will be important to prioritize proprioception and nordic hamstring trainings when designing training programs for players competing in football or other sports branches during the preparation period in future studies. © JPES.Öğe The effect of exercise on homocysteine and some blood parameters in middle-aged sedentary individuals(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2020) Çelik, Nuri Muhammet; Soyal, MehmetPurpose: The objective of this study is to examine the effect of exercise on the blood levels of homocysteine, hemoglobin and hematocrit in middle-aged sedentary individuals. Material: A total of 24 middle-aged (35-55 years) sedentary individuals (12 females and 12 males) living in Batman province voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, body mass index, Homocysteine, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit blood levels were measured before and after a walking exercise scheduled for 6 weeks. Walking exercise was administered 4 days a week for the 6 weeks. Initially, the walking exercises started as 40 min and increased to 60 min towards the end of the program. In the exercises, walking tempo was kept higher than normal and in parallel to the overall health levels of the subjects. The data obtained were then analyzed through the SPSS 25.00 package program. Results: It was determined that there were statistically significant differences in the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, and Homocysteine values. Additionally, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to the female and male participants, there were statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. Conclusions: As the conclusion, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to a total of 24 participants (12 females and 12 males), there were statistically significant changes in the values of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. It is suggested for further studies to apply nutrition programs and exercise protocols on young people regularly doing exercise and active athletes in different branches in order to contribute to sports science.Öğe The effect of resistance training without balance exercises on static balance skill(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68, 61068, UKRAINE, 2020) Soyal, Mehmet; Pekel, Aydın; Gülfırat, ÖmürPurpose: The aim is to evaluate the effect of resistance training without balance exercises on the static balance skill. Material: The universe of the study consists of volunteer students who are chosen among the students with similar physical characteristics and training history (n=15) who are taking education at Istanbul Gelisim University, High School of Physical Education and Sports (n = 1286) who have any current health problems and disability history. An information form questionnaire (age, height, and weight, training history) was applied as a personal data collection tool. Static balance skill of the participants tested through AC International East Sp. Z O.O. which has the brand of- SIGMA Balance Platform which is found at performance measurement and evaluation laboratory of Istanbul Gelisim University, High School of Physical Education and Sports. Test procedures were applied before and after the 6-week resistance training program. Results: Statistically significant differences were detected in test values of Static balance skill x axis deviation rate of the study group, rate of deviation from the center in the x axis, the length of distance and average surface area which is used (P<0,05). Conclusions: It was identified that 6-week resistance training practices without balance exercises have a positive effect on the development of static balance skill.Öğe The Effect of the Leg and Back Strength of the Serve and Tennis Players to the Serve Throwing Speed and Agility(Sergii Iermakov, 2018-09-30) Kaya, Mustafa; Soyal, Mehmet; Karakuş, MustafaThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of leg and back strength on serve throwing speed and agility of 19- 23 year old male tennis players who are studying at university. Material: Twelve male tennis players, aged between 19 and 23, who were studying at university in Kayseri participated in the study voluntarily. Individuals who played tennis for at least 5 days per week participated in the study and leg and back strength measurements and their relation with the serve and agility were compared. Results: In the study, leg strength test, back strength test, agility test and serve throwing speed tests were applied to the subjects. These tests reveal a significant relation between back strength and serve throwing speed (R=,660, R2=,435; p< ,050). When the t-test results on the significance of the regression coefficient are examined, it is seen that back strength level (t=2,774, p = ,024) affects serve throwing speed and explains approximately 43% of the total variance. There is a significant relation between leg strength and serve throwing speed (R=,586, R2=,343; p<, 050). When the t-test results on the significance of the regression coefficient are examined, it is seen that leg strength level affects serve throwing speed and it explains approximately 34% of the total variance. Conclusions: As a consequence, it has been revealed that leg strength and back strength in tennis players have a statistical relationship with agility and serve throwing speed. For this reason, it is considered necessary to apply training programs to improve leg and back strength in trainings.Öğe The examination of VO2MAX and anaerobic threshold values in elite soccer players by their positions(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2022) Aksoy, Ömer; Bozdoğan, Tuba Kizilet; Soyal, Mehmet; Beyaz, Mehmet MuratObjective of the Study: This study was conducted to examine the parameters of maximal oxygen consumption capacity (VO2max), anaerobic threshold heart rate, endurance heart rate, and recovery heart rate in elite soccer players according to their positions (goalkeeper, defenders, midfielders, and forwards). Method: The relational screening model was used in the study. And the study group consisted of a total of 88 players, including goalkeepers (n:11), defenders (n:33), midfielders (n:30) and forwards (n:14), from different teams and positions in the Turkish Super League. The SensorMedics 29 c ergospirometry was used with the breath and breath method as per the maximal oxygen consumption in the data collection process. In addition, the exercise testing protocol was applied to the soccer players on the treadmill, and their pulse values were recorded instantly with the polar watch. Plus, the V-Slope method was used to determine the anaerobic threshold values. Moreover, while the SPSS 25.0 package program was used for statistical analysis, correlation analysis was performed for the comparison between positions. Findings: A strong positive correlation was found between the anaerobic threshold, endurance training, and recovery heart rates of the goalkeeper, defenders, midfielders, and forwards participating in the research. Then again, while a strong negative correlation was determined between age, endurance training heart rate, and recovery heart rates of defenders and forwards, no statistical difference was found between the age (year), height (cm) and VO2max (ml/kg/min.) parameters of the goalkeepers and midfielders and their other parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, when the study results are evaluated, it is clear that the VO2max values of soccer players playing in different positions were close to each other. Also, it is concluded that the reason why the anaerobic threshold heart rate, endurance heart rate, and recovery heart rate parameters of the soccer players in different positions vary; Their actions in the competitions or training. © 2022, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.Öğe Examining the Impact of Musculus Palmaris Longus on Serve Speed and on Certain Motoric Properties in Tennis Players(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68, 61068, UKRAINE, 2019) Soyal, Mehmet; Kaya, Mustafa; Çelik, Nuri MuhammetPurpose: The aim of this study is to examine the impacts of existence or absence of musculus palmaris longus (MPL) on serve speed and certain motoric properties in the tennis players. Material: In the study, 25 male volunteers participated, who are playing tennis at university level and in whom the existence of musculus palmaris longus was checked. The ages of volunteers, who participate in tennis activities under licenses, vary between 18 and 25 and they have no disability or illness in the upper extremity. The experimental group (n=7) is comprised of individuals, who do not have musculus palmaris longus, while the control group (n=18) is comprised of individuals having musculus palmaris longus. Results: The age averages of the groups participating in the study was 21, 89 +/- 2, 246 years old for the group with musculus palmaris longus, while it was 22, 00 +/- 2, 517 years old for the participants without the musculus palmaris longus; as per their average height, it was 174, 94 +/- 5, 713 cm for the group with the musculus palmaris longus, while it was 174, 71 +/- 3, 546 cm for the participants without the musculus palmaris longus; the body weight average was 70, 83 +/- 5, 79 kg for the participants with musculus palmaris longus, while it was 72, 14 +/- 4, 059 kg for the participants without the musculus palmaris longus; sports-age average was 13, 00 +/- 1, 645 years for the ones with musculus palmaris longus, while it was 12, 29 +/- 1, 380 years for the participants without musculus palmaris longus. It was determined that there was statistically significant difference for the serve speed (p<0, 001) and the hand flexion strength (p<0, 05) parameters of the participants; however, there was statistically no significant difference (p>0, 05) in other parameters. Conclusions: As the conclusion, existence of musculus palmaris longus in tennis players positively influences the hand wrist flexion strength, however, it negatively influences the serve speed.Öğe Examining the relationship between joint range of motion and serve speed and hit(IERMAKOV S S, BOX 11135, KHARKOV-68 61068, UKRAINE, 2019) Soyal, Mehmet; Kaya, Mustafa; Çelik, Nuri MuhammetPurpose: In this study, the relationship between the joint range of motion, and the serve speed and hit rate of tennis players was examined. The voluntary participants of this study are tennis players in the university tennis team. Material: Twelve male students aged 18-25 voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were individuals, who professionally played tennis with a license. Certain parameters of the participants such as the upper extremity joint range of motion, extension and flexion angles of the elbow joint, abduction angle of the shoulder joint, and flexion and extension angles of the wrist were measured through standard plastic 12 goniometers. Similarly, the hit values were examined via the Revised Dyer Wall Test and serve speed values were examined by using the Stalker solo 2 brand radar. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the joint range of motion and the serve speed and hit rate of the participants. The values below p <0.05 were considered as significant. Results: In the study, it was determined that there was a moderate positive correlation between wall test and shoulder abduction (p <0.05, r =.599); similarly, there was a high positive correlation between wall test and wrist extension (p <0.05, r = 671); there was a high positive correlation between wall test and wrist flexion (p <0.05, r = 638); there was a high positive correlation between abduction of the shoulder and wrist extension (p <0.05, r =, 603); there was a very high positive correlation between wrist extension and wrist flexion (p <0.001, r = 819), and it was determined that there was no significant relationship between the other parameters (p> 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that the joint range of motion has a positive relationship with both serve speed and hits.Öğe Investigation of the relationship between isokinetic lower extremity strength and the vertical jump parameter in elite women football players(Iermakov S S, 2023) Soyal, Mehmet; Aksoy, Omer; Sengol, Onur; Kilic, SefaBackground and Study Aim It can be said that recently, with the popularity of women's football and playing at a professional level, physical and physiological needs have increased. In this context, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between isokinetic lower extremity strength and vertical jump parameters in elite female football players.Material and Methods The model of the research was the relational survey model, one of the survey models. The research group consisted of 26 volunteer professional female football players competing at the Turkish women's super league level. The maximum strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles of female soccer players was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer device (Cybex NORM & REG;, Humac, CA, USA) that allows the recording of instant isokinetic torque. The vertical jump test data of the female football players were determined with the Fusion Sport-Smart Jump brand jump mat. While SPSS 25.0 package program was used for statistical analysis evaluation, correlation analysis was applied to compare the relationship between isokinetic lower extremity strength and vertical jump parameter.Results When the participants' vertical jump, right knee flexion and extension degrees were examined, a moderate positive correlation was found between the vertical jump parameter and the 240s Flexion Right %Body Weight values, and no relationship was found between the other parameters and the vertical jump. A moderate positive correlation was detected between the vertical jump parameter and 240s Flexion Left %Body Weight. Another moderate positive correlation was found between the vertical jump parameter and 240s Extension Left %Body Weight values. At the same time, no relation was found between other parameters and vertical jumps. Conclusions As a result, when the study results were evaluated, a positive relationship was determined between vertical jump and right knee flexion parameters and similarly left knee flexion-extension parameters. Based on this situation, it was concluded that the contraction levels of the lower extremity strength, which plays an important role in determining the performance in the football branch, contribute positively to the jump performance.Öğe An Investigation of the Relationship Between The Reaction Times and The State and Trait Anxiety Levels of the Athletes an Investigation of the Relationship Between the Reaction Times and the State and Trait Anxiety Levels of the Athletes(Open Access Publishing Group, 2017) Soyal, Mehmet; Çelik, Nuri Muhammet; Pekel, AydınBesides supposing that the anxiety levels of the athletes have an impact on their performance it is also important to know the level of this impact. In this study it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the anxiety level and the sporting performance especially the reaction time which is the determinant of the speed requiring sudden movements. The study included 60 university students who participated voluntarily, were actively engaged in sports and were living in Esenyurt district of Istanbul. The average age of the participants was 20,68±2,33, their average height was 179,05±6,43cm, their average body weight was 75,55±9,32 kg and their average sport age was 6,31±3,23years. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used in the study in order to determinate and measure the state and trait anxiety levels of participants. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Spielberger and his colleagues in 1970 and its reliability and validity study was carried out by Öner and La Compte by translating it into Turkish in 1983. The analyses of the obtained data were carried out with the SPSS Statistic 17.0 package program. The measurement results were given as mean (x) and as standard deviation (SD). Correlation and regression analysis were applied for the statistical evaluation of the data. In the conducted study the state anxiety level of the athletes was detected to be 29,62±4,46 points, their trait anxiety level was 32,12±6,39 while their double hand reaction time was found to be 0,23±0,02 sec. A positive low level relationship was detected between the trait anxiety levels and the double hand reaction times of the athletes (r=,279,p<,05) while a positive and moderate level relationship was observed between the state anxiety level and the state anxiety level (r=,311, p<,016). Due to the fact that this research is a preliminary study done in the field of sport science, this study is considered to contribute to other studies planned to be done in the future. As a result, it was detected that with the increase in the anxiety level the response time given to an effect from any external factors lengthened. The fact that there was a low level positive relationship with the trait anxiety level revealed the conclusion that with the increase in the trait anxiety level, the reaction time also increases.Öğe Investigation of the relationship between vertical jump and core performance on competition shooting performance in elite female basketball players(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2022) Gür, Serdar; Soyal, Mehmet; Doğan, ÖzgürObjective of the Study: The aim of the study is the examination of the relationship between vertical jump and core performances compared to shooting test and shoot accuracy. Method: The research group comprise of elite female athletes (n=10) competing in the Turkish Basketball Federation Women's 1st League. In the study vertical jump, plank test (core), and shooting test measurements were included. The vertical jump performances of the athletes were measured by usingthe Smart Speed® brand device; the Smart Jump® measuring mat. the "Sport-Specific Core Muscle Strength and Stabilization" test was used to test the athletes’ core performance. The "Aahperd" shooting test was used to determine the athletes’ shooting performance. In addition, the average points per game values to shooting accuracy of the athletes were obtained from the official competition data they played in the 2020-2021 season. The relationship between vertical jump and plank test scores compared to shooting test and shooting accuracy was analyzed statistically (p<0.05). SPSS package program (IBM, 24.0 v) was used for statistical analysis of the data. Findings: According to skewness, and kurtosis coefficients distribution of the datas resulted to be normal (mesocurtical) (±3). Based on the normality of the datas, in order to determine correlations between variables Pearson correlation analysis was used. Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that there was a high level of positive correlation between the vertical jump test and the Aahperd shooting test and the average points per a game values of the athletes participating in the study (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that there was no significant relationship between the results of the plank (core) test, the average points per a game values and the results of the Aahperd shooting test (p>0.05). © JPES.Öğe The relationship between FMS scores and lower body isokinetic strength in football players(Editura Universitatii din Pitesti, 2023) Soyal, Mehmet; Aksoy, Ömer; Karadağ, Ayşe Demet; Kiliç, Sefa; Bayazitli, Erhayat ÖzgürObjective of the Study: In football, one of the branches with a large audience in the world, it is thought that ever-increasing performance, the strengthening of competition and the desire to succeed as well as technicaltactical, psychological, and psychological needs and the improvement of physical and physiological characteristics at the most appropriate level will contribute positively to the performance of football players. Especially in football competitions, high-intensity actions may cause athletes to spend higher effort. Many qualities of football players should be improved to perform these actions at the most appropriate level and to protect them from injuries. For this purpose, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between FMS (Functional Movement Screen) scores and isokinetic lower body strength of football players. Method: The correlational survey model was preferred as the research model of the study. The sample group consisted of a total of 28 volunteer football players competing at the level of amateur league. The maximum strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles of the participants was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer device (Cybex NORM®, Humac, CA, USA) that allows to record instantaneous isokinetic torque. The FMS test was applied to assess mobilisation and stabilisation of football players. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data and Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to compare the relationship between isokinetic lower body strength and FMS scores. Findings: When the FMS scores and right and left knee flexion/extension degrees were analysed, no statistically significant correlation was found between the parameters. Conclusion: The results of the statistical analysis revealed no correlation between FMS scores and right-left knee flexion and extension parameters of the amateur football players. Accordingly, it is suggested to include FMS applications in the training programmes of the football players and contribute to their performance by minimising their injuries and providing neuromuscular coordination and thus to make contribution to the related literature and to guide future studies. © 2023, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.Öğe The Relationship between the Isocapnic Buffering Phase and Ventilatory Threshold in Endurance Athletes and Team Sport Athletes during an Incremental Exercise Test(Asian Exercise and Sport Science Association, 2018-05-02) Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Selcen; Polat, Metin; Soyal, Mehmet; Aydoğan, SamiBackground. There is sparse literature examining the ICB phase of aerobic- and anaerobic-trained athletes. Measurements of ICB phase values of athletes can help to evaluate the sport’s physiological demands and understand the physiological adaptations in response to physical training. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the isocapnic buffering (ICB) phase and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as well as the ventilatory threshold (VT) in trained athletes. Methods. Twenty-eight male endurance athletes and forty male team sports athletes underwent an incremental treadmill test to determine their VT, respiratory compensation point (RCP), and VO2max. The ICB phase was calculated as the difference in Oxygen uptake (VO2) between the RCP and VT and expressed in either absolute or relative values. Results. The VO2max, maximal running speed, time to exhaustion, VO2 at the VT and RCP, running speed at the VT, and VT expressed as % VO2max was higher in the endurance athletes than in the team sport athletes (p < 0.01), whereas the RCP expressed as % VO2max and running speed at the RCP showed similar values in both groups (p > 0.05). Both the absolute and relative ICB phase values were found to be significantly higher in team sports athletes than in endurance athletes (p < 0.001). The relative ICB phase was significantly negatively correlated with the VO2max (– r = 0.517, p < 0.001), the VO2 at the VT (– r = 0.755, p < 0.001), and the VO2 at the RCP (r = – 0.517, p = 0.001). Conclusion. The current findings suggest that, for trained athletes, the magnitude of the ICB phase is more closely related to the VT rather than the VO2max and RCP. Presumably, the high-intensity intermittent-type exercises performed by team sports athletes may have improved their buffering capacity, leading to a shift in the RCP without a change in the VT, and consequently enhancing the ICB phase.