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Öğe AI showdown: info accuracy on protein quality content in foods from ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, bard AI and bing chat(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2024) Bayram, Hatice Merve; Ozturkcan, ArdaPurpose - This study aims to assess the effectiveness of different AI models in accurately aggregating information about the protein quality (PQ) content of food items using four artificial intelligence (AI) models - ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Bard AI and Bing Chat. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 22 food items, curated from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) report, were input into each model. These items were characterised by their PQ content according to the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS). Findings - Bing Chat was the most accurate AI assistant with a mean accuracy rate of 63.6% for all analyses, followed by ChatGPT 4 with 60.6%. ChatGPT 4 (Cohen's kappa: 0.718, p < 0.001) and ChatGPT 3.5 (Cohen's kappa: 0.636, p: 0.002) showed substantial agreement between baseline and 2nd analysis, whereas they showed a moderate agreement between baseline and 3rd analysis (Cohen's kappa: 0.538, p: 0.011 for ChatGPT 4 and Cohen's kappa: 0.455, p: 0.030 for ChatGPT 3.5). Originality/value - This study provides an initial insight into how emerging AI models assess and classify nutrient content pertinent to nutritional knowledge. Further research into the real-world implementation of AI for nutritional advice is essential as the technology develops.Öğe Consumers' opinions, use of food labels and knowledge of food additives(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Bayram, Hatice Merve; Ozturkcan, ArdaPurpose This study aims to determine what consumers take into consideration while buying food and to increase awareness. We also demonstrated food additives knowledge, and the association between food additive consumption and illness. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was used to collect data from respondents (n = 433). Findings Gender and knowledge of food additives and E numbers were found to be statistically different, as were education status and knowledge of food additives (p < 0.05). When purchasing foods, 40.0% of the respondents seldom read labels and also 34.9% were reading for each buy who verified the product's expiration date (94.2%), followed by brand name (84.8%). Sucralose, Acesulfame potassium (Ace-K) and aspartame consumption were associated with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, sulfite consumption was linked to diarrhea/constipation. Research limitations/implications This study has some limitations. First, the study was cross-sectional, which does not allow the establishment of causal relationships for the associations found here. Second, the study was limited to one city in Turkey. Therefore, the study's findings cannot be extrapolated to Turkey. Practical implications Nutrition education should be given by the experts, and the policies should be implemented so that food labels may be used more effectively. Furthermore, nutritional education and policies can increase the general public's awareness of food additives. Social implications Nutrition education should be given by the experts, and the policies should be implemented so that food labels may be used more effectively. Furthermore, nutritional education and policies can increase the general public's awareness of food additives. Originality/value Consumers must be knowledgeable about food additives and E numbers. However, the findings revealed that the majority of Turkish consumers seldom read product labels, and the use of several food additives resulted in negative health repercussions. Therefore, professionals should provide nutrition education, and legislation should be put in place so that food labels may be used more effectively.Öğe Effect of drying methods on free and bound phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacities, and bioaccessibility of Cornelian cherry(Springer, 2024) Bayram, Hatice Merve; Ozkan, Kubra; Ozturkcan, Arda; Sagdic, Osman; Gunes, Esra; Karadag, AyseCornus mas L. (Cornelian cherry, CM) fruits were dehydrated by solar-drying (SD) and freeze-drying (FD), and in addition to sugar and mineral contents, the free and insoluble-bound phenolics were determined in fresh and dried fruits. After subjecting the sample to simulated in vitro digestion, the change of free and bound phenolics at gastric and intestinal digestion steps was evaluated in fresh and dried CM fruits. In fresh CM fruits, the total phenolic content (TPC) was dominated by the bound fraction, whereas the contribution of free phenolics to the total content (free + bound) became more dominant (731-1439 mg GAE/100 g dw) in the dried fruits. The bioaccessibility (BI%) of TPC from fresh CM after digestion was 193%, whereas it was 18.60 and 48.02% for SD and FD fruits, respectively. The contribution free fraction to the total TPC value was around 28% in nondigested fresh samples and increased to 94% in digested samples; however, in dried samples, it was 64% prior to digestion and only increased to 70% in digested samples. A total of 17 phenolic compounds were identified in CM fruits: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside were only detected in the free fraction; gallic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol were detected in higher amounts in the bound fraction. The quantity of detected phenolics in the nondigested sample generally decreased from the gastric to the intestinal stage of digestion. The release of phenolics from the fruit matrix and their degradation occurred simultaneously during digestion, and this could be affected by the state of the fruit, e.g., fresh or dried.Öğe The greenhouse gas emissions from food consumption in Turkey: a regional analysis with developmental parameters†(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Bayram, Hatice Merve; Ozturkcan, ArdaDue to the expected growth rate in world energy consumption in the near future, it is critical to estimate future energy consumption and associated environmental problems as precisely as possible. This study aims to describe total greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) linked to different geographical diet profiles in Turkey, to map the environmental impacts that these generate. We used the last Address Based Population Registration System results to identify regions, populations, and some developmental parameters such as population density, the population growth rate, gross domestic product per capita, and socio-economic development scores, and the latest National Nutrition and Health Survey to determine the nutrient composition of Turkey's regional diets. The West Marmara diet had the highest GHGE levels, at 2983.79 g CO2-eq. per person per day, followed by the Istanbul diet and South-eastern Anatolia diet (2941.73 g CO2-eq. per person per day and 2935.08 g CO2-eq. per person per day) whereas the Mediterranean diet had the lowest, at 2623.90 g CO2-eq. per person per day. The contributions of beef and lamb to total diet weight (both were 0.98%) were lower than their contribution to total GHGE (21.65% and 21.04%). Our findings indicated that dietary changes could significantly help to reduce GHGE. Additionally, GHGE of diets might be associated with developmental parameters, but we did not find statistical differences. If the balance between natural resources and economic growth factors cannot be achieved in developing countries such as Turkey, which is a member of the United Nations, the environment will start to suffer and environmental sustainability will become a distant goal. Therefore, more studies are needed to confirm these results. © 2023 The Author(s).Öğe Public interest in weight loss and diet-related topics in Europe: an infodemiology study of Google trends data from 2004-2022(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Bayram, Hatice Merve; Ozturkcan, ArdaObesity is one of the largest health issues in Europe, and media can significantly impact obesity-related habits. This study aimed to determine the trends of public interest in weight loss, physical activity, diet, nutrition, healthy diet, healthy nutrition, optimum nutrition, healthy food, and a combination of weight loss + diet-related topics in Europe, using Google Trends data from 2004 to 2022. Denmark was the most interested in weight loss topics, whereas Ukraine was the least interested. The mean relative search volume (RSV) of Weight loss + Optimum nutrition was the most frequent (80.65%), followed by Weight loss + Physical activity (78.66%). Searches for Weight loss + diet-related topics increased in most European countries according to Jonckheere-Terpstra trend analysis from 2004 to 2022, with searches generally declining in December but increasing in January. Our findings could help scientists and practitioners develop and select strategies, particularly during times of high public interest.
