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Öğe Do bureaucratic policy and socioeconomic factors moderate energy utilization effect of net zero target in the EU?(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND, 2022) Alola, Andrew Adewale; Okere, Kingsley Ikechukwu; Muoneke, Obumneke Bob; Dike, Glory ChiyoruBased on the commitment to improve environmental quality across European Union under the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and varying national goals, this study investigates the dynamic linkages between bureaucracy, socioeconomic factors, conventional fossil fuel energy consumption vis-` a-vis aggregate fossil and disaggregate fossil (oil, coal, and gas) fuels and environmental quality in the panel of selected 25-EU nations for the period 1990–2017. The study employs relevant second-generation empirical method and unearth the following results: (1) inverted environmental Kuznets curve was validated while fossil fuel consumption has a deteriorating impact on environmental performance due to its positive effect on carbon emission; (2) fossil fuel energy consumption (both aggregate and it components) exerts a dampening impact on environmental performance due to its positive effect on carbon emission; (3) that direct effect of bureaucracy and socioeconomic factors promote environmental quality but the degree or magnitude of influence is significantly different between bureaucratic system and socioeconomic factor, and (4) the moderating or indirect impact of bureaucracy, socioeconomic on the environment via fossil fuel energy consumption is observed and significantly different across the model specification. Moreover, the result reveals a unidirectional causal relationship flows from GDP per capita, bureaucracy and socioeconomic factors to carbon emission, while bi-directional relationships between oil, gas and carbon emission are established. In policy direction, the study therefore recommend that the European Union member countries should further explore the opportunities in clean energy development in order to ameliorate the continent’s environmental concerns. Furthermore, in the quest to scale up the bloc’s energy transition, significant improvement in the countries’ bureaucracy establishment and socioeconomic conditions could hasten the energy transition and efficiency policy while improving the environmental sustainability drive.Öğe Technological pathways to decarbonisation and the role of renewable energy: A study of European countries using consumption-based metrics(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Nwani, Chinazaekpere; Usman, Ojonugwa; Okere, Kingsley Ikechukwu; Bekun, Festus VictorTo decarbonise Europe in the post-COP26 era, current policies must be adjusted to account for the cross-border consequences of its consumption pattern. Using consumption-based Kaya identity metrics adjusted for emissions and energy embodied in traded goods and services, this study examines the nexus between technological factors defining energy transition progress, specifically energy and carbon intensities of the consumption mix, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, in a sample of 20 European countries from 1995 to 2019. The empirical steps rely on panel-data estimators that are robust to cross-sectional dependence and allow for heterogeneous slope coefficients. The results show that energy and carbon intensities of the consumption mix have a positive relationship with CO2 emissions but a negative relationship with renewable energy consumption. The findings also verify an inverted U-shaped relationship between affluence and CO2 emissions through the energy and carbon intensity metrics. Additional tests show a unidirectional causality from carbon intensity of the energy mix to CO2 emissions and from renewable energy to the carbon intensity. Also, bidirectional causality exists between CO2 emissions and per capita GDP and energy intensity, and between renewable energy and energy intensity. By implication, renewable energy provides the technological path to mitigating consumption-induced emissions in Europe.