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    Pandemic SARS Coronavirus-2 Infections in Humans-COVID-19
    (İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2020) Mustafa, Nasir; Zahoor, Hina; Majoo, Fuzail Mohammed
    The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Wuhan (China) and subsequently spread worldwide. Coronaviruses (CoVs) primarily cause zoonotic infections in birds and mammals however, in the last few decades have shown to be capable of infecting humans as well. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and more recently, Middle-East respiratory syndrome, (MERS) has demonstrated the lethality of CoVs when they cross the species barrier and infect humans. Coronavirus (CoV) is a large family of viruses that cause afflictions ranging from the common cold to more severe pathologies such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has now been identified in humans. The recognition of a new coronavirus identified in December 2019, named CoVID-19 are common for coronavirus researchers. Detailed investigations found that SARS Coronavirus-2 was initially transmitted from civets to humans and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans. Advances in biology have resulted in a greater understanding of coronavirus, including them to adapt to new environments, trans-species infection and the emergence of new subtypes. New tools of cell and molecular biology have led to an increased understanding of intracellular replication and viral cell biology. Along with the advent of reverse genetic approaches in the past five years; it is now possible to begin to define the determinants of viral replication, trans-species adaptation, and human disease. The most progress has been made on SARS-CoV 2, highlighting specific structural requirements for its functions in the CoV life cycle as well as mechanisms behind its pathogenesis. In this review, we will provide a through insight to the life cycle of CoV, its genetics, replication process and reverse genetic applications to SCoV along with advances in its research. This review aims to establish the current knowledge on CoV-2 by highlighting the recent progress that has been made and comparing it to previous knowledge. We also conclude with a brief discussion on practices to decrease risk factors for transmission and treatment options.
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    Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An update of preclinical and clinical studies
    (ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2021) Bayram, Hatice Merve; Majoo, Fuzail Mohammed; Öztürkcan, S. Arda
    Background & aims: The prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved. To date, only a lifestyle modification related to diet and physical activity is considered for these patients. Polyphenols are a group of plant natural products that when regularly consumed has been related to a reduction in the risk of several metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD. In this study, we aimed to present an overview of the relationship between polyphenols and NAFLD with current approaches. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search for articles on polyphenols and NAFLD published in English between January 2018 to August 2020. Keywords included in this review: “Phenolic” OR “Polyphenol” AND “Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”. The editorials, communications and conference abstracts were excluded. Results: Different polyphenols decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and liver that contribute to a decrease in fatty liver dysfunction. Additionally, polyphenols may improve the regulation of adipokines and prevent hepatic steatosis. According to human clinical studies, polyphenols are promising for NAFLD patients and associated diseases that lead to NAFLD. Conclusion: Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that various polyphenols could prevent steatosis and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, as well as ameliorate NAFLD. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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    Vitamin D in a Nutshell
    (İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2017-04-26) Çöl, Başak Gökçe; Kurtuluş, Eda Merve; Majoo, Fuzail Mohammed
    This review comprises the synthesis, function, measurement and also the recommendations of Vitamin D and its derivates. In light of the evidence provided by clinical trials, deficient vitamin D levels were found to be correlated with higher incidences of rickets, skeletal disorders, diabetes, obesity, cardio vascular disorders, asthma, depression, schizophrenia and immune disorders. Vitamin D supplementation which is available at low cost and with a wide therapeutic window, should be implemented to the population and should be monitored only in patients with a high risk of kidney and liver diseases, hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and histoplasmosis.