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    Fuel Characterisation of the Physicochemical, Thermal and Kinetic Properties of Corn Cob Biomass Wastes for Potential Energy Recovery
    (Slovnaft VURUP a.s, 2018) Otitolaiye, Victor O.; Dodo, Yakubu A.; Jagun, Zainab T.; Bashir, Faizah M.; Moveh, Lawrence P.; Ajibade, Samuel-Soma M.; Moveh, Samuel
    This study presents insights into the solid biofuel properties of corn cob biomass (CCB) wastes for sustainable energy recovery. The physicochemical, thermal, and kinetic properties of CCB were charac-terised through ultimate, proximate, heating value, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. Results showed that CCB contains high carbon (41.88 wt.%), hydrogen (6.33 wt.%), volatile matter (68.21 wt.%), and higher heating (15.70 wt.%) values for potential energy recovery. However, the high ash (16.56 wt.%) content could pose bed agglomeration, fouling, and sintering problems during high-temperature conversion. Thermal analysis resulted in 55.84%-59.51% loss of mass and residual mass of 40.49%-44.17%. Kinetic analyses revealed that CCB is highly reactive as characterised by the average activation energy, Ea=134.58 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor, ko=2.53×l008/min. In conclusion, CCB is a potentially practical feedstock for sustainable energy recovery through thermo-chemical conversion. © 2020. All rights reserved.
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    Sensitivity Analysis and Parametric Optimization of Hydrogen Production from Afuze Coal through Air-Steam Gasification
    (Slovnaft VURUP a.s, 2021) Nyakuma, Bemgba B.; Oladokun, Olagoke; Jagun, Zainab T.; El-nafaty, Abbas S.; Ambugadu, Amadu M.; Bashir, Faizah M.; Dodo, Yakubu A.
    Coal is a carbon-rich sedimentary rock and fossil fuel that accounts for over 60% of all economically recoverable primary sources of energy on earth. The burning of coal emits ?40% of the entire energy-related atmospheric greenhouse gases, which poses risks to human health, safety, and the environment. Given this scenario, there are growing concerns about the long term sustainability of the industry vis-à-vis its effects on global warming and climate change. However, clean technologies such as gasification with carbon dioxide capture could be the panacea to the challenges of coal-fired electricity generation. Therefore, this study investigates the hydrogen (H2) and syngas potential of Afuze (AFZ) coal earmarked for electricity generation in Nigeria. Consequently, the mathematical simulation, sensitivity analysis, and optimization of AFZ were performed under air-steam gasification conditions using ASPEN Plus. Results revealed that AFZ gasification from 200°C to 1600°C and the feed rate of 1000 kg/h yields H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. The optimal conditions for H2 and syngas were observed at 950°C, ER = 0.31 and SC = 2.0 at the optimal gas compositions of H2 (48 mol.%), CO (11 mol.%), CO2 (11 mol.%) and CH4 (0 mol.%). Furthermore, temperature (T), equivalence ratio (ER), steam to carbon (SC) ratio greatly influenced AFZ gasification, whereas pressure did not impact the process. In conclusion, bench-scale or demonstration gasifier tests are required in future AFZ gasification studies to comprehensively investigate its energy recovery and electricity generation potentials. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
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    Thermal and Kinetic Analyses of Maize Cob Combustion under Non-Isothermal and Multiple Heating Rate Thermogravimetric Conditions
    (Slovnaft VURUP a.s, 2021) Otitolaiye, Victor O.; Otitolaiye, Donald A.; Omer, Faris; Ubana, Dodeye; Ibrahim, Ahmed O.; Dodo, Yakubu A.; Nyakuma, Bemgba B.
    The cultivation and processing of maize (Zea mays L.) in Nigeria generates large quantities of maize cobs (MC). Current strategies for MC disposal and management are outdated, inefficient, and costly. However, the lignocellulosic nature of MC is suitable for energy recovery through biomass combustion. Studies on the critical examination of the solid-state fuel properties, thermal behaviour, degradation pathways, and temperature profile characteristics (TPCs) of MC are currently lacking in the literature. Therefore, this study seeks to comprehensively investigate the physicochemical, thermal and kinetic properties of MC as solid biofuel for combustion. The results revealed that MC contains high carbon, volatile matter, and fixed carbon along with low ash, nitrogen, and sulphur. Thermal analysis revealed that MC degradation is significantly influenced by temperature and heating rate. Furthermore, higher heating rates from 10 to 30°C/min shifted the TPCs of the TG-DTG plots to higher values. The average TPCs are onset (Tons), midpoint (Tmid), and endpoint (Tend) temperatures are; 288.21°C, 305.39°C, and 325.71°C, respectively for the TGA combustion of MC. The TGA combustion of MC resulted in ML of 94.22 -95.83% and residual mass (RM) of 4.17-5.78%. The degradation pathway for the TGA combustion of MC occurs in three major stages as evident in DTG peaks from RT - 110°C, 200°C -500°C. The kinetic analysis revealed that E and A are 125.51 kJ mol-1 and 2.65x1015 min-1. Overall, the results demonstrate that MC is a highly reactive and practical feedstock for clean energy recovery. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.