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Öğe Estimating the energy consumption function: evidence from across the globe(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 2022) Azam, Muhammad; Gohar, Ali; Bekun, Festus VictorThe motivation for the current study stem from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) such as access to clean (SDG-7) and responsible energy consumption (SDG-12) and climate change mitigation (SDG-12). This chase for these goals is pertinent for sustainable economic growth and environmental sustainability. This becomes necessary given the global demand for energy which comes has it environmental consequences given anthropogenic efect. To this end, the present study seeks to identify the factors determining the energy consumption function for 79 economies across the globe. For empirical investigation, 44 years data of fve regions, namely Asia and Pacifc, Europe, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East and Arab States, is analyzed. A multivariate regression model and the method of least squares are employed to achieve set of objectives. The least squares result of the regions and single country of the regions are not signifcantly diferent from each other. Every region exhibits a common narrative that economic growth, carbon emissions, and urbanization are the key factors determining the consumption function in most of the sample economies. The empirical fndings revealed that energy consumption function is determined by economic growth, urbanization, and carbon emissions. In the light of these fndings, it is recommended that energy policy needs to be designed considering the signifcance of economic growth and environmental quality, and consequently it leads toward the achievement of the sustainable development goals.Öğe Infant mortality rate and nonrenewable energy consumption in Asia and the Pacifc: the mediating role of carbon emissions(SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS, 2023) Adeleye, Bosede Ngozi; Azam, Muhammad; Bekun, Festus VictorThis study aligns with the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 which aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. It contributes to the nascent literature stream on energy-health dynamics by introducing a holistic theoretical model to empirically examine the mediation efect of carbon emissions on the relationship between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rate. Using an unbalanced panel data on 42 Asia and the Pacifc countries from 2005 to 2015 and deploying the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach, the empirical results are surmised as follows: (i) for the full sample, nonrenewable energy indirectly increases infant mortality rate through increasing carbon emissions. In other words, carbon emissions play a partial mediation role between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rate; and (ii) for the diferent income groups, carbon emissions show varying mediation efects. For example, the mediation efect of carbon emissions in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries are found to be similar to those of the full sample of countries. Therefore, based on these fndings, we conclude that nonrenewable energy is an essential determinant of infant mortality rate. Policy recommendations are put forward.