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Öğe Bit and Packet Error Rate evaluations for Half-Cycle stage cooperation on 6G wireless networks(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2021) Attar, Hani H.; Solyman, Ahmad Amin Ahmad; Khosravi, Mohammad R.; Qi, Lianyong; Alhihi, Mohammad; Tavallali, PooyaThe excellent features of the sixth generation (6G) of wireless technology enthuses researchers to apply advanced and complex techniques on mobile communication networks, which is what this paper explores. As a result of the ability of 6G to exchange vast data rates and network programming, the Cooperative Network Coding (CoNC) technique can be implemented to improve the connectivity and diversity within 6G applications. Though CoNC is usually implemented at the second stage, this paper proposes dividing the first stage into two Half-Cycle stages, and then applying CoNC at the second Half-Cycle stage. The resulting Bit Error Rate (BER) behaviour is investigated on the physical layer for direct data exchange in 6G local mobile networks over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. Partial Unit Turbo Code (PUTC) (4,2,1,4) and (8,4,3,8) are used by each mobile node as the forward error correction technique, which means that each mobile acts as a Base Station (BS) for other mobiles in the local network by applying CoNC on the received packets, and then each mobile node (or BS), either Amplify-and-Forward (AF), or Decode-re-encode-amplify and Forward (DF), acts. When full connectivity is not achieved at the end of the first two Half-Cycle stages, new Half-Cycle stage transmissions follow, and the BER behaviour for all additional Half-Cycle stages is obtained. The results illustrate that applying CoNC at the second Half-Cycle stage of the first general stage produces a limited BER loss. To mitigate the damage in the BER, a soft-decision PUMTC decoder is also proposed.Öğe Deterministic cooperative hybrid ring-mesh network coding for big data transmission over lossy channels in 5G networks(SPRINGER, ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600 , NEW YORK, NY 10004, UNITED STATES, 2021) Attar, Hani H.; Solyman, Ahmad Amin Ahmad; Alrosan, Ayat; Chakraborty, Chinmay; Khosravi, Mohammad R.Wired and wireless communication data is getting bigger and bigger at such a high pace. Accordingly, the big data (BD) communication networks should be developed as quickly as the quick increase in the exchanging data size is. Based on this regard, this paper proposes a wired and wireless protocol that applies cooperation Network coding (CoNC) in a wired ring topology (WRT) to improve exchanging the BD signifcantly in wireless mesh network (WMN). The paper presents a solution for distributed nodes to deal with big data over 5G by proposing Hybrid Ring-Mesh Protocols (HRMP) that exploit the CoNC technique at distributed nodes. The proposed protocol (X-ORING) deterministically combines the data that is received at a base station (BS), where the BS wirelessly retransmits the combined data to the WMN members, instead of just forwarding them to the WMN members. Moreover, all members of the WMN are connected by wired optical fbre channels in a WRT and directly to the BS. The results show that applying CoNC in the proposed protocols exploits the advantages of the WRP between the WMN members, and consequently, the WMN packet error rate is signifcantly improved. Moreover, using optical fbre wires between the mesh network members and the BS increases the WMN coverage region considerably, and allows the BS to receive all members’ packets correctly. Finally, the results show that applying CoNC on the WRT improves the entire network maintenance and reliability greatly, simply because the proposed HRMP can continue broadcasting even if one of the direct optical fbre goes out of serves, i.e. the fbre link between one of the N member and the BS lost the connectivity.Öğe Efficient equalisers for OFDM and DFrFT-OCDM multicarrier systems in mobile E-health video broadcasting with machine learning perspectives(ELSEVIER, RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 2020) Attar, Hani H.; Solyman, Ahmad Amin Ahmad; Mohamed, Abd-Elnaser Fawzy; Khosravi, Mohammad R.; Menon, Varun G.; Bashir, Ali Kashif; Tavallali, PooyaRecently, the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system has become an appropriate technique to be applied on the physical layer in various requests, mainly in wireless communication standards, which is the reason to use OFDM within mobile wireless medical applications. The OFDM with cyclic prefix (CP) can compensate lacks for the time-invariant multi-path channel effects using a single tap equaliser. However, for mobile wireless communication, such as the use of OFDM in ambulances, the Doppler shift is expected, which produces a doubly dispersive communication channel where a complex equaliser is needed. This paper proposes a low-complexity band LDLH factorisation equaliser to be applied in mobile medical communication systems. Moreover, the discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT) is used to improve the communication system’s performance over the OFDM. The proposed low-complexity equaliser could improve the OFDM, and the DFrFT-orthogonal chirpdivision multiplexing (DFrFT-OCDM) system’s performance, as illustrated in the simulation results. This proves that the recommended system outperforms the standard benchmark system, which is an essential factor as it is to be applied within mobile medical systems.