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Öğe A global perspective of the role of domestic economic, financial and political risks in inbound tourism(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Athari, Seyed Alireza; Alola, Uju Violet; Alola, Andrew AdewalePurpose In this study, as part of an attempt to foster sustainable development, the aim is directed at understanding the perspectives of domestic economic, financial and political risks in tourism development. On the other hand, the role of other agents of sustainable development: innovation, infrastructure, health and primary education and global crisis in tourism development, was illustrated. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this objective, the current study explored the (system) SYS-Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for a panel of selected 73 economies over the period 2006-2017. This GMM approached is not undertaken without first establishing the stationarity (a preliminary test) of the employed dataset by utilizing the relevant unit root techniques. Findings First, the study found that minimizing risks from economic, financial and political aspects is significant and vital to the attractiveness of the tourism destinations and the eventual development of the tourism sector. Second, the study presents innovation or technological readiness and health and primary education as agents of sustainable development through the growth of international tourism arrivals while global crisis is significantly detrimental to tourism inflow. Originality/value Overall, the study presents the contribution of tourism as a pathway to sustainable development from unique dimensions. Investigating a large panel (of 73 countries) is a unique approach. In addition, considering the economic vulnerability of the panel countries from the aspects of risk arising from economic, financial and political aspects is another interesting dimension to the novelty of the study. Thus, this study offers relevant policies for tourism stakeholders.Öğe The (Un)sticky role of exchange and inflation rate in tourism development: insight from the low and high political risk destinations(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2020) Athari, Seyed Alireza; Alola, Uju Violet; Ghasemi, Matina; Alola, Andrew AdewaleAlthough the tourism industry has continued to exert a significant impact on economies of most destinations, the impacts of political (in) security, socioeconomic and financial dynamics in the destination countries are equally playing decisive roles. Mirroring from this perspective, this study examined the role of political risk, exchange rate and inflation rate on the inbound international tourists in the panel of 76 destinations over the period 1995-2017. By employing the Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Square) and the Generalized Moment of Methods (GMM), the estimation results suggest that the political risk is a significant impediment to the growth of total tourism arrivals in the panel countries. In addition, high exchange and inflation rates, respectively, impact international tourism arrivals (ITAs) in a positive and negative pattern. Moreover, the findings show that the impact of political risk on ITAs is significant, and has a positive and negative effect in the low- and high-risk destinations, respectively. While the study urges for a formidable drive towards sustainable conflict resolution in destination countries, it further presents recommendations for preventing potential spillover effects in the event of the political, economic or financial crisis.