Yazar "Alfalih, Mohammed Kadhim" seçeneğine göre listele

Listeleniyor 1 - 2 / 2
  • Küçük Resim Yok
    Öğe
    Effects of Istanbul's Weather on Free-Space Optical Communications
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Alfalih, Mohammed Kadhim; Myderrizi, Indrit; Solyman, Ahmed; Mohammed, Mohaimen
    One of the most important wireless communication technologies for future communication generations is free-space optics (FSO). It is distinguished from radio frequencies (RF) communication by the simplicity of installation, low cost per bit ratio, and high bandwidth of broadband communications networks. The biggest difficulty with FSO is the weather. When the medium of communication is in the atmosphere, weather disturbances such as fog, smog, snow, rain, and dust particles may cause FSO networks to be unavailable and not sufficiently reliable in unsuitable conditions. This paper aims to investigate the distinctive climatic conditions that have an impact on FSO communications, such as attenuation caused by geometry, molecular, atmosphere, fluorescence, snow, and rain in Istanbul, given its privileged location that connects the continents of Asia and Europe, which nominates it to be a conduit for transferring data between the world. As an alternative to optical cables and wireless communication. © 2022 IEEE.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Sixth-generation networks backhaul through optical free space
    (İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2022) Alfalih, Mohammed Kadhim
    In the following research, the sixth-generation networks and the possibility of using FSO technologies in backhaul mobile networks in terms of advantages, types, and disadvantages were discussed and studied. wireless optical communications are introduced as a suggested replacement for optical connections and radio frequencies. OWC system analysis models are proposed in association with climatically variable settings. The recommended site connects the continents of Asia and Europe via Istanbul, where the system was evaluated using the Gamma-Gamma model as a probablity model for predicting different forms of weather turbulence. The results of the analysis of weather data for the region and geographic location indicate that the connection can be made for most of the year. An overview was provided to exhibit the most important aspects of the research conducted for this thesis. We were able to provide context for our investigation by focusing on the need for 6G standards types, characteristics, and historical overview of OWC and its comparison with radio frequencies, and an in-depth look at how FSO technology may be used to meet these needs. following that, we analyzed the primary restrictions confronting FSO researchers who are striving to assess the feasibility, reliability, and efficiency of adopting optical wireless communication. Finally, we spoke about the most recent developments in this technology and the firms that are now engaged in developing it. Next, the most important theories utilized in the study of FSO systems, including the Gamma-Gamma Model, Negative Exponential Model, K-distribution, and Lognormal Model, were discussed (refractive index structure, Scintillation Index) finally an equation was developed. for estimating communication quality, which is based on the attenuations estimated in response to local weather conditions including fog, snow, rain, and smoke. This equation is used to determine the quality of the FSO link's communication by investigating and figuring out what kind of network may be set up in response to a certain weather trend. Then, the characteristics of the system (C_n^2 & SI) were reviewed, where the weather turbulence was from weak to strong, as well as variations from weak to saturated according to weather conditions throughout the year in the link region. The variables' values were strongly influenced by the ambient temperature, where the turbulence was weak to moderate at the lowest temperatures, in contrast to the values recorded at the highest temperatures, in which the turbulence was strong with fluctuations from strong to saturate. All three of these weather phenomena (rain, snow, and fog) were taken into account in the gamma-gamma model selection process. There were also system losses due to attenuations (molecular and geometric), where geometric attenuation was most detrimental to the transmission of information. For the abovementioned reasons, the value was lowered by less than 10 dB by affecting variables; the width of the beam is 1 mrad and the capture area is 0.2 m. The link margin remained steady throughout the year, notably during the time of snow cessation from April to November.