Erdoğan, SinanSarkodie, Samuel AsumaduAdedoyin, Festus FataiBekun, Festus VictorOwusu, Phebe Asantewaa2023-11-042023-11-0420221387-585X1573-2975https://hdl.handle.net/11363/6223https://doi.org/The debate for green development has been ongoing in the energy and environment literature—especially initiatives to mitigate climate change. On this note, we explore the efects of the air and railway transport demand, fossil-fuel energy consumption, demographic policies, economic growth, and alternative energy consumption on environmental degradation in Group of Seven (G7) economies. Using robust panel estimation techniques that account for cross-sectional dependence, empirical results afrm the presence of long-run relationships among variables. Besides, the results give credence to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC) in G7 countries over the sampled period. We observe that demand for air transport, energy from fossil fuel sources, and economic development dampen environmental quality by 0.12%, 0.33%, and 46.54%, respectively. Interestingly, renewable energy and rail transportation demand improve environmental quality. This outcome resonates with the need for alternative and clean energy production and consumption (Sustainable Development Goals 11 and 12) while enhancing the fght against climate change—especially the adoption of clean energy technologies in the air transport sector for sustainable growth.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United StatesEcological footprintHeterogeneous efectsAir transportRailway transportEKC hypothesisPanel data modelingArticle12410.1007/s10668-022-02729-12-s2.0-85141697221Q1WOS:000881675300001Q2